Ai Weiwei – Under surveillance

Ai Weiwei – Under surveillance

To understand the origins of a quasi-camera by Ai Weiwei, we trace the history of surveillance in his life and work.

3 min read

Ai Weiwei wearing a yellow leather mask

Paper lanterns, 2012

When the Chinese government surrounded his Caochangdi studio with 15 surveillance cameras, Ai Weiwei suggested that it had become the most intensely observed location in the city. In response, he suspended a red paper lantern from each camera. Their vision was not obstructed by the lanterns, but their presence became obvious.

Tim Marlow, preparing with Weiwei at the time for a landmark exhibition at the Royal Academy in London, described the gesture as “the most gentle of subversions.” Weiwei also placed a bunch of cut flowers in the basket of a bicycle outside his studio every morning – a poetic way to measure the time he spent waiting for his passport to be returned, and his freedom restored.

Weiweicam, 2012

One year after he was detained without explanation, Weiwei began broadcasting live from four cameras positioned inside his home. Even after his release, he was subject to extreme digital and physical surveillance. Weiweicam mocked this insatiable interest in his life – exposing innocuous moments spent eating, reading and sleeping.

With the cameras, Weiwei allowed authorities to access the only parts of his life that they couldn’t already. He considered the project an act of reassurance, equally valuable to those suspicious of him as his sympathisers. The website was promptly censored. By doing so, the Chinese government revealed that their appetite for information was superseded by their desire to control its source.

I believe that all people are very curious – regardless of whether they are my friends, or people who don’t like me.

Ai Weiwei

455 Hansel & Gretel, 2017

In 2017, Weiwei collaborated with architects Herzog & de Meuron to create an immersive installation in New York City. Following previous collaborations, including the 2012 Serpentine Pavilion, 455 Hansel & Gretel (named after the famous Brothers Grimm fable) probed the shifting nature of public space in modern cities.

Drone-mounted infrared cameras stalked visitors as they muddled through the cavernous, unlit interior of Park Avenue Armory. As well as being broadcast in a separate space for others to watch, live footage was projected onto the floor along with breadcrumb-like trails and menacing crosshairs. With these disorientating layers of observation and interaction, Weiwei juxtaposed covert surveillance with our propensity for performance in moments of self-perception.

Vandalism, 2024

Last month, a vandal destroyed Weiwei’s sculpture, Porcelain Cube, during the private opening of his exhibition at Palazzo Fava in Bologna, Italy. The act was inadvertently captured by the gallery’s CCTV cameras. Weiwei shared the video footage on Instagram alongside a photo of the broken sculpture.

Surveillance footage showing the destruction of Ai Weiwei's sculpture

I felt it was a pity, as the artwork had been incredibly difficult to create. It required numerous attempts and a lot of experiments to produce. Only true connoisseurs of the Yuan and Ming dynasties can appreciate the effort and style.

Ai Weiwei

Mask, 2024

Toying with the evolving character of surveillance – its ubiquity, its shift into digital realms and our willingness to perform for it – Weiwei spent a tranquil morning in Berlin, disguised as himself. He wore a leather mask inspired by Chinese opera, where yellow traditionally signifies malevolence or deception. While Weiwei’s experiences are specific and extreme, we can all relate to the tumult of being perceived. What role do power and voyeurism play in the act of looking, and the experience of being looked at?

Ai Weiwei waits at a road crossing, wearing a mask

To Be Looked At...

Our latest collaboration with Ai Weiwei is an aluminium sculpture designed to resemble a bank of CCTV cameras. In a domestic setting the artwork echoes – symbolically – his own acts of self-surveillance.

All artworks courtesy of Ai Weiwei

Mask
4 September 2024, Berlin
Videography · Tim Craig, Mike Iles
Music · Pierry Jaquillard


More in this series

Installation view of Alex Katz's retrospective at the Guggenheim
article

Alex Katz & Avant Arte for the Guggenheim

For our debut collaboration, Alex Katz unveils his first-ever print edition of his 1991 painting 'Ada Ada' in support of the Guggenheim.

2 min read
Seated in George Condo's studio
40:05
video

George Condo and Jessica Morgan

In a nostalgic conversation, George Condo recounts the beginnings of his career which was intrinsically connected to Dia Art Foundation. Forty years later, Avant Arte and Condo collaborate to support the future of Dia.

Tschabalala Self in her studio with a bronze sculpture and big yellow painting
3:12
video

Seated

With her first ever public sculpture, Tschabalala Self brings ongoing explorations of body politics and domestic performance to London.

2 min read
Yoon Hyup observes canvas he paints in front of him
2:18
video

Yoon Hyup - In The City

Using improvised line and dot to portray familiar skylines and dazzling city lights, Yoon Hyup’s freehand acrylic marks align spontaneously with the rhythm of New York. Ahead of our second collaboration, we made a short film to tell the story.


Insightful?

Insightful?

Subscribe to the Avant Arte newsletter for the art world in your inbox.


Discover more insights

Avant Essay, Is racism the price we pay for representation?
essay

Is racism the price we pay for representation?

Tschabalala Self’s sculpture was vandalised by racists who painted her skin white – symbolically erasing exactly what it was intended to represent.

3 min read
Cindy Sherman walks down a dark street at night as she pulls the collar up on her coat
00:58
video

Cindy Sherman

Cindy Sherman is a hallmark of 20th-century art. Since the 1970s ​​she’s taken pictures of herself as different ‘types’ of people from American culture and beyond. In this Artist’s Artist, we look at how the representation of women in popular culture shaped her history-making career.

4 min read
Black and white photo of Lawrence Weiner
00:51
video

Lawrence Weiner

For Lawrence Weiner, art should do three things: ask questions, communicate an idea, and be useful for people. 

Close up of JR in a red coat, sunglasses and a hat
00:59
video

JR

French artist JR takes public art to the next level. For nearly two decades, he’s made huge black-and-white photo installations in collaboration with local communities across the world. In this Artist’s Artist, we take a look at the backstory.

3 min read